High-pressure electrical apparatus.



No. 846,672. t PATENTED MAR. 12, 1907.

F.J.KOGH.

HIGH PRESSURE ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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No. 846,672. PATENTED MAR. 12, 1907.

F. J. KOCH.

HIGH PRESSURE ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24. 1906.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2 sure to be kept out is higher than the presburr staresPATENT- rrc FRANZ JOSEPH IC 0011,01 DRESDEN, GERMANY.

-HlGrl-il PRESiMJRE ELEQTRECAL APPARATUS.

To a whom it may-concern;

Be it known that I, FRANZ JOSEPH Koorr, a subject of the King of Saxony,and residing at Dresden AL, Saxony, in the Empire of Germany, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in High-Pressure ElectricalApparatus, of which the following is a specification.

When high-pressure apparatus, more'particularly "ltontgen tubes, areworked by means of sections'of the same sign of an alter-v natingcurrent obtained by high-transfer motion in such manner that by means ofa,

synchronous mechanical high-pressure interrupter or by means of a valvedevice, (for mstance, the so-calledvalve-0e11,) or by means of a Rontgentubefspecially arranged for the purpose in the secondary high-pressurecircuit, every second wave is omitted, then during the second omittedWave free pressures are.produced, the upper point of "which passes farbeyond that of the presin highe'pressui'e interrupter is used, the consiorationof the free pressures makes it necessary considerably ,toincrease the diameter in order. to obtain sufliciently large gapsbetween the contact parts, reliably preventing their jumping by the freepressures. When a valve device isused, itis clearthat a great demand isplaced on the valveaction-that is to say, on the differentialbehavior-as re- I surethat "is to bealloived to pass. course appliesalso when a Rontgen tube of" gards pressures of diiierent signs if thepres- This of special construction is to be used as a valve.

-In' order to work with purely continuous current, apparatns driven .by.primary continuous current and spark-inductor have already been providedwith a secondary auxiliary circuit in order rythmically to "shortcircuitit by means of a mechanical in,

terrupter at the periods of rest of the secondi ary consumption-circuit.This secondary auxiliary circuit has not, however, been used yetalternating current for su pressing or re ucing the free pressure in suemanner Specification of Letters Patent.

- jurious action on the contact parts.

Pa.tented March 12, 19.07.

' Application filed January 24, 1906i Serial No. 297,713

that the secondary auxiliary circuit is opened and closed by asynchronously working interrupter. It has, however, been found that thiswas not possible, owing already to the fact that the interrupter couldnot follow be the fluctuations of the angle of phase due to the load onthe secondary consumption-cir cuit and to the size of resistancesswitched at times into the primary circuit, and required continuousregulation of its angle of phase relatively to the pressure 1n thecircuit, which, however, wasnot practically possible. Without such aregulation, owing to the premature closing and more particularlyopening, light-arcs would be produced which owing to the small pressureand correspondingly great intensity of current would have an ind It ishowever, necessary to work with small pres sure and correspondinglylarge intensity of current in the auxiliary circuit if it is desired toavoid the complication and expense of a second high-pressure winding forthe auxiliary circuit.

This invention enables the free pressures of undesired sign to bereduced, while the construction remains a practical one, by means ofauxiliary secondary c1rcu1t 1n alternating-current working by closingthe auxiliary secondary c1rcu1t over an electr1c valve device,(preferably an electrolytic valve-cell.) The valve device, the use ofwhich would again be impossible in the continuous current and inductorworking, as, apart from other reasons, it could not act, on account ofgo the great differences in pressure, makes a perfect working possible1n this case, owing to the absence of such differences of pressure inthe auxiliary circuit, as it automatically adapts itself'to thefluctuations of the an 1e 9 of phase. It works; moreover, with sm'a erloss of energy,- in the working periods of the auxiliary circuit.

The working of the auxiliary circuit controlled by the valve deviceissuch that by I00 short-circuitloading of'the transformer duringtheeriod of the non-desired currentwaves, t e pressure at the terminals ofthe primary C01l,"9;nd i11 accordance with the 1 ratio of"transformation, also of course the 1c 5 (injurious non-desired) pressureinduced in the secondary coil of the consumption-circuit, areconsiderably reduced. This action takes place only if an ohm orinductive resistance or both kinds of resistances are no switched intothe primary coil of the transformer. Without a resistance it would beimpossible temporarily to reduce the pressure of the primary coil inspite of the heavy load of the transformer, as the pressure would bemaintained by the circuit, which in this connection has to 'be'.considered as inexhaustible. On the contrary, the resistance switched inenables, as is well known, the primary pressure of a transformer to betem orarilyreduced by utting on the latter the oad due to the shi tingin. the distribution of the fall of pressure in the primary circuittaking place when this is done. As the injurious free pressures arereduced the radiation and the difiiculties of the insulation when thesaid interrupter is used in the consumption-circuit, as owing to thevery high pressure and negligibly small intensity of current anylight-arcs formed would be harmless, so that it is possible to'u'se ahigh'- pressure interrupter without metallic contact. If instead pf themechanical interrupter a valve device is used in the secondaryconsumption-circuit, the valve action will become all the more reliable,owing to the re- .duction of the undesired pressure. By

means of'the auxiliary device, according to this invention, thepressures of undesired sign can, however, be reduced to such an extentthat they would not pass at all through the? consumption apparatus(Rontgen tube) built for a given initial or breaking-through pressure.in this way it is nolonger neces sary to use at all synchronousinterruption in the consumption-circuit. No mechanical interrupter 'norany special valve device are necessary in this high-pressure circuit,and all difficulties of excluding the undesired pressure disappear. Itis only necessary to have a valve device in ,the auxiliary secondarycircuit. For these reasons this invention is useful not only wherecurrent-waves of one and the same sign can be used in theconsumption-circuittnat is to say,wher ethe current-waves of undesiredsign must be excluded. It can also be used, owing to its simplicity in'many cases in which hitherto currents of both signs wereused and thewaves of one sign wererectified by a' rather cor i ilplicatedconstruction.

e invention thus far described can, however, be modified also in suchway that not only free pressures of undesired sign will be reduced, butalso the useful pressure in the consumption-circuit increased. Thisincrease of the useful pressure in the operative periods of thesecondary consumption-circuit is effectedby resonance action, theauxiliary circuit in cooperation with the self induction device(choking-coil) switched into the primary circuit as resistance beingutilized for producing this resonance action. To that end either thevalve-cell, switched into the auxiliary circuit, is converted into aresonant capacity by. suitable tuningthat isto say, by correspondingdimensioniyjs; of the size of the electrodes, or a separate capacity(condenser) is'switched into the auxiliary secondary circuit parallel tothe valve device. The invention can also be carried out in such way thata separate secondary coil for the auxiliary circuit willbecomeunnecessary, the valve-cell or the valve-cell and the condenserbeing switched over the primary coil. The accompanying "drawings showsome constructions according to this invention in the usual diagrammaticway.

Figure 1 shows connection with ahigh-pressure interrupter in thesecondary consumption-circuit. Fig. 2 is a connection diagram withoutseparate. interruption in the sec ondary consumption circuit. Fig. 3 isa connection diagram with a resonant capacity in the auxiliary circuit;Fig. 4, a connection diagram without separate secondary coil for theauxiliary circuit and with resonant capacityin the auxiliary circuit.

Throughout these figures, A is a sourceof alternating current, B anohm-resistance, C an -induct1on resistance (self induction arrangementchoking-coil) in the primary circuit, D the primary coil, E thesecondary coil of the consumption-circuit, F the consumption apparatus,(Rontgen tube,) G sec ondary coil of the auxiliary circuit, (in as faras there is such one,) 11 the valve-cell in the auxiliary circuit. Thevalve-cell His arranged in all the cases in such manner that it does notlet through current of the sign not desired in the secondaryconsumption-circuit-that is to say, short-circuits the auxiliarycircuitduring the passage of a current of-a sign which is not desired in theconsumption apparatus F. Inthis way, with t e simultaneousexistence ofthe resistances B and C (or only one of them) in the primary circuit,the transformer is strongly loaded b T the short-circuiting of thesecondary auxi iary circuit and the terminal pressure of theprimary-circuit reduced. Th1s reduction of the terminal pressure of theprimary coil D has also for its result that the undesired ressureinduced in the secondary coil E of the consumption-circuit and passinginto the consumption apparatus is considerably reduced.

IIO

As shown in Fig. 1, the synchronously-rotating mechanical interrupter Jis switched into the secondary consumption-circuit, so that theconsumption-circuit is opened during the passage of pressure of theundesired sign. The interrupter J could be, replaced by a high-pressurevalve or a Rontgen tube acting simultaneously as a valve inthe'consurhption-circuit. A-mechanical interrupter -or a high-pressurevalve could, however, be

entirely done away with, as shown in Fig. 2.

. For the Rontgen tube is impermeable for tion-circuit.

pressures which arebelow a given limit,

(breaking-through pressure.) It, therefore,

the undesired pressure is reduced according to this invention to such anextent that it is below the breaking-through pressure of the consumptionapparatus, thereis not needi'or anyfseparate valve device 'for theconsump- This applies, of course, also to consumption apparatus otherthan Rontgen however, that they admit sure.

As'shown in 3, a capacity (or condenser) K is arranged'in shunton thevalvecell H. As long as the valve-cell H admits T current of the signwhich is notdesired in the consumptioncircuitthat is to say, thesecondary coil G of the auxiliary cicuit is loadedthe capacity K remainsShort-circuited, and the pressure between-the, terminals. of the primarycoil'D fallsto a considerable extent, owing to theinductive resistanceof the l choking-coil C. During the passage of current of'the oppositesign-that is to say,- of the sign which is desired in theconsumptioncircuit, which-current does not pass through the valve-cellH-there is noconsumption of energy bythe'secondary coil G. As'thesecondary coilE of the consumptioncircuit remains temporarilythat is tosay, until the Y future moment at which the breakingthrough'pressure ofthe Rontgen tube F will be overcome withoutzaload on it and only theidle working current passes through the choking-coil'O, a verysmall-fallof ressure takes place between the terminals 0 the primary' coil D.Under the circumstances a resonance action. takes place, assuming, ofcourse, that the ca acity, magnetically coupled and connects in serieswith the choking-coil C, isadjusted in such manner that it can harmonizewith it. Owing to this resonance, the pressure between the terminals ofthe primary coil D is considerably increased, and-consequently there isalso a-considerable increase of thepressure induced by the primary' coilD in the secondary coil E. In

many cases the switching in of a separate ca pacity'is, however,superfluous, as it .is possible to give the electrolytic cell H, bysuitable dimensioning of the size of its electrodes, such capacityrelatively. to the choking-coil D that the valve-cell is resonant in themanner desired. The suitable proportion must be of .course partly,calculated and partlydes termined empirically in every single case.

The object of the invention can also ,be attained by the use of theso-called economical connection, vas illustrated in. Fig. 4. Thisconnection in addition to the reduction of the cost of the device, haseven the advantage that the desired secondary continuous-current effectis attained in a still better and more perfect manner. By the suppresssion of the auxiliary secondary winding G the ohm resistance and with itthe weakening of the electric oscillation system becomes considerablysmaller.

If we follow at first the fulllines inFigf l we. shall see that shuntedover the terminals of the primary coil .1) there is the valve-cell H andthen parallel to H the capacity K. The primary coil ,D serves,therefore, simultaneously asa secondary coil for the auxiliary circuit.formed by-the Wires 1 2-3 4 5. Instead of the full primary-coil aportion of the windingscan be ot into this auxiliary circuit, asshownby' dotted connection-wire 5 Conversely the primary coil could beincreased by additional windings D, which are nonoperative in'the rimarycircuit, but are drawn into the auxi lary-ci'rcuitv by theconnection-wireb It depends on the size of the electrodes which of thethree contingencies is used.

What'I claim as my invention, and desire 'to secure by Letters Patent,is Y a. 1. .In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of aprimary alternatingcurrent circuit, a primary coil in said circuit,

resistance in the prlmary circuit, a secondary consumption-circuit, asecondary coil in said secondary circuit an electrical apparatus to beworked said apparatus having a certain breaking-through pressure, asecondary aux iliary circuit, a secondary coil in said auxiliary'circuit and means for letting through current not desired in thesecondary consumption-circuit said means stopping the current ofthesigndesired in the consumptioncircuit.- v f 1 2. In high-pressure,electrical apparatus the combination of a primary alternating- 1 currentcircuit, a primary coil in said circuit, resistance in the primarycircuit, a secondary consumption-circuit, a secondary coil in saidsecondary circuit, a high-pressure valve device arranged in thesecondary consumptic ncircuit, an electrical apparatus to be worked saidapparatus having a certain breakingthrough pressure, a secondaryauxiliary circuit, a secondary coil in said auxiliary circuit and meansfor lettingthro'ugh current not desired in the secondaryconsumptioncircuit said .means stopping the current of the sign desiredin the consumption-circuit.

8. In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of a primaryalternating--.

current circuit, a primary coil in said circuit a self-induction devicein the primary circuit,

sumption-circuit during. the passage of cur- I rent of desired sign andto reduce the pres sure during the passage of current of undesired sign.

4. In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of a primaryalternating current circuit, a primary coil in said circuit, aself-induction device in the primary circuit, a secondaryconsumption-circuit, a secondary coil in said secondary circuit, anelectrical apparatus to be worked said apparatus having a certainbreaking-through pressure, a secondary auxiliary circuit, a secondarycoil in the auxiliary circuit, anv electric valve device in theauxiliary circiiit.and a condenser in said circuit adapted to cooperatewith the self-induction device in the primary circuit and increase thepressure in the sec ondary consumption-circuit during the passage of acurrent of the desired sign and reduce the pressure during the passageof cur rent of undesired sign. I

5. In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of a primaryalternatingcurrent circuit, a primary coil in said circuit, resistancein the primary circuit, a secondary consumption-circuit, a secondarycoil in said secondary circuit, an electrical apparatus to be workedsaid apparatus having a certain break ngthrough pressure, a secondaryauxiliary circuit, a secondary coil in said auxiliary circuit, said coilconsisting of windings of the primary coil and adapted to form a by-pathand means for letting through ourrent not desired in the secondaryconsump- .tion-circuit said means stopping the current of the signdesired in the consumption-circuit.

6. In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of a primaryalternatingcurrent circuit, a primary coil in said circuit, resistancein the primary circuit, a secondary consumption-circuit, a secondarycoil in said secondary circuit, an electrical apparatus to be Workedsaid apparatus having a certain breaking-through pressure, a secondaryauxiliary circuit, a secondary coil in said auxiliary circuit, said coilconsisting of windings of the primary coil and'adapted to form aby-path, an,electric valve device in the auxiliary circuit and acondenser in the said auxiliary circuit adapted to cooperate with theself-induction device in the primary circuit and increase the pressurein the secondary consumption circuit during the passage of the currentof the desired sign and reduce the pressure during the passage of thecurrent of undesired sign.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANZ JOSEPH KOCH.

Witnesses:

CARL GREIERT, (J. F. HUGO DUMMER.

